Call: Direct disqualification – correct.

Advice: Hard hits to the neck and frontal pushing, the jumping attacker is a danger to her safety. Such an action is unexpected, and the player is not able to protect herself. The decision of the referees is correct.

Rule: 8:5a, b; 13:1b

Call: Direct disqualification – correct.

Advice: Hard hits to the face must be punished with a direct disqualification. It is important for the referees to discuss the situation before taking the final decision regarding direct disqualification.

Rule: 8:5a, b; 13:1b

Call: Direct disqualification – correct.

Advice: After a hard push from the side the player lost body control and hit her head against the floor. A head injury can be very dangerous for the health of the player; therefore, the referees made the correct decision.

Rule: 8:5a, b; 13:1b

Call: 2-minute suspension- incorrect.

Advice: Hard hit to the head/ear from the side. This action could cause serious injury to the player. The referees must consult each other in such a situation before taking the final decision considering the danger caused by the defender's behaviour.

Rule: 8:5b; 13:2

Call: Direct disqualification - correct, however...

Advice: The defender hits the attacker hard in the face; the referees made the correct decision.

However, it is important to pay attention to the time of the violation in order to stop the clock correctly. In this case the foul happens at 59:29, the clock was stopped at 59:31.

Rule: 8:5b; 13:1b

Call: Direct disqualification – correct.

Advice: Hard pushing while jumping and during a throwing action is very dangerous to the player's safety. A direct disqualification is a proper decision.

Rule: 8:5a

Call: 2-minute suspension – incorrect.

Advice: A hit to the face with an elbow during a throwing action is particularly dangerous; additionally, in such a case a blue card has to be shown.

Rule: 8:5b; 8:6a

Call: 2-minute suspension – incorrect.

Advice: Hitting the defender in the throat with an elbow (attacker's foul), especially in an action without the ball is malicious behaviour. Such unsportsmanlike conduct needs to be punished with both the red and blue card.

Rule: 8:2b; 8:5b; 8:6b

Call: Direct disqualification – correct.

Advice: A hard hit to the face during a throwing action and while jumping must be punished with a direct disqualification.

Rule: 13:1b; 8:5b

Call: Direct disqualification – correct.

Advice: The defender has no intention to play the ball. A hard hit to the face is very dangerous and has to be punished with a direct disqualification.

Rule: 8:5b

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Teaching Material for the European Handball Federation.

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